English Language and Composition

AP face Langu while and Composition 2011 Free-Response straitss Ab turn out the College jump on The College senesce is a mission-driven non-for-profit memorial tablet that connects students to college victor and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College progress was created to expand entree to higher education. Today, the membership association is quarter headway up of more(prenominal) than than 5,900 of the worlds leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellency and equity in education.Each grade, the College circuit card athletic bookers more than seven-spot sensation million million million students prep ar for a successful passageion to college finished programs and plump in college readiness and college success including the sit down and the pass on Place custodyt Program. The organization also serves the education community of interests through motility and advocacy on behalf of students, educators and shallows. 2011 The College batting order. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, AP Central, SAT and the a lemon yellow logo ar registered trademarks of the College Board.Admitted Class Evaluation Service and shake up minds atomic number 18 trademarks owned by the College Board. every(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Visit the College Board on the meshwork www. collegeboard. org. leave to employment copyright College Board materials may be pass online at www. collegeboard. org/inquiry/cbpermit. html. Visit the College Board on the network www. collegeboard. org. AP Central is the functionary online home for the AP Program apcentral. collegeboard. om. 2011 AP position spoken language AND objet dart FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS face LANGUAGE AND spell SECTION II Total m2 hours Question 1 (Suggested metre40 minutes. This question counts for whizz-third of the agree analyse parting score. ) Locavores argon min t who hold decided to eat topical anaesthetic anestheticly lifesizehearted or unveild products as more as assertable. With an eye to nutriment as well as findability (resource hold that uphold the environment), the locavore impulsion has become widespread entirely every topographic point the other(prenominal) decade.Imagine that a community is considering organizing a locavore run. C arefully read the following seven sources, including the introductory information for each source. accordingly synthesize information from at to the lowest degree three of the sources and incorporate it into a coherent, well-developed evidence that identifies the key exits associated with the locavore cuement and examines their implications for the community. Make square that your argument is central use the sources to beautify and support your reasoning. Avoid merely summarizing the sources.Indicate intelligibly which sources you are drawing from, whether through identify qu otation, paraphrase, or summary. You may cite the sources as commencement A, radical B, etc. , or by apply the descriptions in parentheses. rise A acknowledgment B cum C fountain D Source E Source F Source G (Maiser) (Smith and MacKinnon) (McWilliams) (chart) (Gogoi) (Roberts) (cartoon) 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the sack up www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE contiguous PAGE. -2- 2011 AP slope LANGUAGE AND theme FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source A Maiser, Jennifer. 10 Reasons to Eat topical anesthetic Food. Eat topical anesthetic Challenge. Eat Local Challenge, 8 Apr. 2006. blade. 16 Dec. 2009. The following is an phrase from a group meshlog written by individuals who are interested in the benefits of take in solid sustenance kickhanded and pleadd topical anaestheticly. eat local anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic bureau more for the local economy. correspond to a consider by the new-fashi wizardd Econo mics Foundation in London, a dollar spent locally generates double as much income for the local economy. When businesses are not owned locally, money leaves the community at every transaction. Locally grown produce is impertinentlyer.While produce that is purchased in the supermarket or a big-box store has been in transit or cold-stored for days or weeks, produce that you purchase at your local husbandmans market has often been picked deep down 24 hours of your purchase. This freshness not only(prenominal) affects the taste of your fodder, lay aside the provenderal place which declines with time. Local forage salutary subject field tastes better. Ever tried a tomato that was picked inwardly 24 hours? Nuff express. Locally grown harvest-homes and ve give outables develop broader to alter. Because the produce volition be handled slight, locally grown harvest-tide does not get to to be humiliated or to stand up to the rigors of shipping. This means that you are going to be acquiring peaches so ripe that they fall obscure as you eat them, figs that would deal been wealthy to bits if they were sold using traditional methods, and melons that were allowed to ripen until the last workable minute on the vine. Eating local is better for piece of cake quality and pollution than take thoroughgoing. In a March 2005 study by the journal Food Policy, it was found that the miles that organic victuals often travels to our plate creates environmental damage that outweighs the benefit of purchaseing organic. corrupting local provender keeps us in wraith with the seasons. By eating with the seasons, we are eating solid foods when they are at their peak taste, are the near abundant, and the to the lowest degree expensive. Buying locally grown food is fodder for a wonderful story. Whether its the sodbuster who brings local orc labored apple trees to market or the baker who makes local bread, knowing part of the story almost(predicate) your f ood is such(prenominal) a all-powerful part of enjoying a meal. Eating local protects us from bio-terrorism. Food with less outer space to travel from coldm to plate has less susceptibility to harmful contamination.Local food translates to more variety. When a farmer is producing food that depart not travel a recollective distance, leave have a shorter shelf life, and does not have a high-yield demand, the farmer is free to try lower-ranking shapes of miscellaneous fruits and vegetables that would probably never make it to a large supermarket. Supermarkets are interested in selling Name brand fruit Romaine Lettuce, Red Delicious Apples, chromatic Potatoes. Local producers often play with their crops from class to social class, trying out Little precious stone Lettuce, Senshu Apples, and Chieftain Potatoes.Supporting local providers supports responsible add development. When you taint local, you give those with local plain-spoken spacefarms and pasturesan economic r eason to verification open and undeveloped. Jennifer Maiser, www. eatlocalchallenge. com 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE near PAGE. -3- 2011 AP side LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source B Smith, Alisa, and J. B. MacKinnon. Plenty superstar Man, One cleaning woman, and a Raucous Year of Eating Locally. advanced York Harmony, 2007. Print. The following passage is excerpted from a deem written by the creators of the 100-Mile Diet, an experiment in eating only foods grown and produced within a 100-mile radius. Food begins to lose nutrition as soon as it is harvested. output and vegetables that travel shorter distances are thitherfore belike to be closer to a ut just most of nutrition. Nowadays, we know a lot more about the naturally occurring substances in produce, give tongue to Cynthia Sass. Its not just vitamins and minerals, however all these phytochemicals and in truth powerful disease-f ighting substances, and we do know that when a food never really reaches its peak ripeness, the levels of these substances never get as high. . . . Yet when I called to patronage these particulars with Marion Nestle, a professor and former precede of nutrition, food studies, and public health at spick-and-span York University, she waved away the nutrition stretch out as a red herring. Yes, she say, our 100-mile victualseven in winterwas around certainly more nutritious than what the norm Ameri trick was eating.That doesnt mean it is indispensable to eat locally in holy order to be healthy. In fact, a mortal making smart choices from the global megamart female genitals easily meet all the physical structures needs. There will be nutritional differences, precisely theyll be marginal, said Nestle. I mean, thats not really the issue. It feels like its the issue simply fresher foods that are grown on better soils are going to have more nutrients. but tidy sum are not nutrient-deprived. Were just not nutrient-deprived. So would Marion Nestle, as a dietician, as one of the Statess most important critics of dietary policy, advocate for local eating? Absolutely. Why? Because she loves the taste of fresh food, she said. She loves the mystery of years when the late corn is just utterly, incredibly good, and no one back say why it just is. She likes having farmers around, and farms, and farmland. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE succeeding(prenominal) PAGE. -4- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source C McWilliams, James E. On My Mind The Locavore Myth. Forbes. com. Forbes, 15 Jul. 2009. Web. 16 Dec. 2009.The following is excerpted from an online opinion phrase in a business magazine. Buy local, shrink the distance food travels, save the planet. The locavore movement has captured a lot of fans. To their credit, they are highlighting the problems with i ndustrialized food. But a lot of them are making a big mistake. By focusing on expat, they overlook other efficiency-hogging factors in food production. con beloved. A 2006 academic study (funded by the New Zealand government) discovered that it do more environmental sense for a Londoner to buy give birth shipped from New Zealand than to buy have raised in the U.K. This decision is counterintuitiveif youre only count food miles. But New Zealand lamb is raised on pastures with a lessened carbon footprint, whereas most English lamb is produced nether intensive factory-like conditions with a big carbon footprint. This disparity overwhelms domestic lambs advantage in transfer of training cogency. New Zealand lamb is not exceptional. Take a close look at water usage, fertilizer types, processing methods and publicity techniques and you discover that factors other than shipping far outweigh the energy it takes to transport food.One analysis, by Rich Pirog of the Leopold Center for Sustainable horticulture, showed that transportation accounts for only 11% of foods carbon footprint. A fourth of the energy required to produce food is expended in the consumers kitchen. Still more energy is consumed per meal in a restaurant, since restaurants send packing away most of their leftovers. Locavores argue that purchasing local food supports an areas farmers and, in turn, streng thuslys the community. Fair enough. Left unacknowledged, however, is the fact that it also hurts farmers in other part of the world.The U. K. buys most of its green beans from Kenya. While its true that the beans almost always puzzle in airplanes the form of transportation that consumes the most energyits also true that a campaign to shame English consumers with small airplane stickers affixed to flown-in produce threatens the lie withlihood of 1. 5 million sub-Saharan farmers. Another chink in the locavores accouterments involves the way food miles are calculated. To choose a locall y grown apple over an apple trucked in from across the verdant might seem undemanding. But this decision ignores economies of scale.To take an extreme example, a shipper sending a truck with 2,000 apples over 2,000 miles would consume the akin amount of go off per apple as a local farmer who takes a pickup 50 miles to sell 50 apples at his rack at the green market. The critical judge here is not food miles but apples per gallon. The one big problem with thought beyond food miles is that its hard to get the information you need. Ethically come to consumers know very lower-ranking about processing practices, water availability, packaging photocopy and fertilizer application.This is an opportunity for watchdog groups. They should make life-cycle carbon counts available to shoppers. Reprinted by Permission of Forbes Media LLC 2010 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE close PAGE. -5- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COM POSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source D Loder, Natasha, Elizabeth Finkel, Craig Meisner, and Pamela Ronald. The Problem of What to Eat. preservation Magazine. The Society for Conservation Biology, July-Sept. 2008. Web. 16 Dec. 2009.The following chart is excerpted from an online article in an environmental magazine. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -6- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source E Gogoi, Pallavi. The Rise of the Locavore How the fortify Local Food Movement in Towns Across the U. S. Is Reshaping call forths and Food Retailing. Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg, 20 whitethorn 2008. Web. 17 Dec. 2009. The following is excerpted from an online article in a business magazine.The rise of farmers markets in city centers, college towns, and rural squaresis testament to a dramatic shift in American tastes. Consumers increasingly are seeking out the flavors of fresh, v ine-ripened foods grown on local farms sort of than those trucked to supermarkets from faraway lands. This is not a interference fringe foodie culture, says Anthony Flaccavento. These are ordinary, middle-income folks who have become really engaged in food and really care about where their food comes from. Its a movement that is gradually reshaping the business of growing and supplying food to Americans.The local food movement has already accomplished something that almost no one would have thought possible a few years endorse a revival of small farms. by and by declining for more than a ascorbic acid, the number of small farms has accessiond 20% in the past cardinal years, to 1. 2 million, according to the Agriculture Dept. . . . The impact of locavores (as local-food proponents are known) even shows up in that Washington salute every five years to factory farming, the Farm Bill. The latest version passed both houses in Congress in early whitethorn and was sent on May 20 t o President George W.Bushs desk for signing. Bush has jeopardize to veto the bill, but it passed with enough votes to sustain an override. Predictably, the overwhelming bulk of its $290 billion would shut up go to powerful agribusiness interests in the form of subsidies for growing corn, soybeans, and like. But $2. 3 billion was set aside this year for specialty crops, such as the eggplants, strawberries, or salad greens that are grown by exactly these small, mostly organic farmers. Thats a big bump-up from the $100 million that was earmarked for such things in the previous legislation.Small farmers will be able to get up to 75% of their organic certification cost reimbursed, and some of them can obtain crop insurance. Theres money for research into organic foods, and to promote farmers markets. Senator Tom Harkin (D-Iowa) said the bill invests in the health and nutrition of American churlren . . . by expanding their access to farmers markets and organic produce. Reprinted from the May 20, 2008 issue of Bloomberg BusinessWeek by special permission, copyright 2008 by Bloomberg L. P. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. ollegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -7- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source F Roberts, Paul. The End of Food. New York Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008. Print. The following is excerpted from a arrest about the food industry. The move toward local food, for all its trendiness (the more adamantine adherents, known as localvores, strive to buy products that have traveled the least food miles), highlights one of the problematic pieces of the advanced food economy the increasing reliance on foods shipped halfway round the world.Because long-distance food shipments promote extravagant fuel use and the exploitation of cheap labor (which compensates for the profligate fuel use), shifting venture to a more locally sourced food economy is often touted as a sanely straightforw ard way to cut externalities, fasten some measure of equity mingled with producers and consumers, and put the food economy on a more sustainable footing. much(prenominal) a shift would bring back diversity to land that has been all but destroyed by chemical-intensive mono-cropping, provide much-needed jobs at a local level, and help to make community, argues the UK-based International Society for Ecology and Culture, one of the leading lights in the localvore movement. Moreover, it would allow farmers to make a decent living season giving consumers access to healthy, fresh food at affordable prices. While localvorism sounds brilliant in theory, it is proving quite difficult in practice.To begin with, there are wads of divergent definitions as to what local is, with some advocates arguing for political boundaries (as in Texas-grown, for example), others using quasi-geographic terms like food sheds, and motionlessness others laying out somewhat randomly drawn food circles w ith radii of 100 or 150 or 500 miles. Further, whereas some areas might find it fairly easy to eat locally (in Washington State, for example, Im less than fifty miles from industrial quantities of fresh produce, corn, wheat, beef, and milk), peck in other split of the country and the world would have to look farther afield.And what counts as local? Does food need to be purchased right off from the producer? Does it still count when its distributed through a mass marketer, as with Wal-Marts Salute to Americas Farmer program, which is now catameniaically showcasing local growers? The larger problem is that although alter food systems function well in decentralized societieslike the unify States was a century ago, or like many maturation nations still aretheyre a poor fit in modern urbanized societies.The same economic forces that helped food production become centralized and regionalized did the same thing to our population in the United States, 80 percentage of us live in lar ge, densely populated urban areas, usually on the coast, and typically hundreds of miles, often gees of miles, from the major centers of food production. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -8- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONSSource G Hallatt, Alex. Arctic Circle. Comic strip. business leader Features Syndicate, Inc. 1 Sept. 2008. Web. 12 July 2009. The following is a cartoon from an environmen tall-stalkedy themed comic strip. dick CIRCLE 2008 MACNELLY. DISTRIBUTED BY KING FEATURES syndicate 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -9- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Question 2 (Suggested time40 minutes.This question counts for tercet of the total essay section score. ) Florence Kelley (1859-1932) was a United States social worker and reformist who fought successfully for c hild labor impartialitys and ameliorate conditions for functional women. She delivered the following speech ahead the convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in Philadelphia on July 22, 1905. aver the speech carefully. Then carry through an essay in which you analyze the rhetorical strategies Kelley uses to convey her message about child labor to her audience.Support your analysis with specific references to the text. We have, in this country, two million children at a lower place the age of cardinal years who are earning their bread. They spay in age from six and seven years (in the cotton wool mills of Georgia) and eight, ball club and ten years (in the coal-breakers of Pennsylvania), to fourteen, fifteen and sixteen years in more learn states. No other portion of the net income earning class increased so speedily from decade to decade as the preteen girls from fourteen to twenty years.Men increase, women increase, youth increase, boys increase in the ranks of the breadwinners but no possible so doubles from census period to census period (both by percent and by count of heads), as does the possible of girls between twelve and twenty years of age. They are in commerce, in offices, in manufacturing. To darkness while we sleep, several thousand little girls will be on the job(p) in textile mills, all the shadow through, in the deafening noise of the spindles and the looms reel and weaving cotton and wool, silks and ribbons for us to buy.In aluminium the fair play provides that a child under sixteen years of age shall not work in a cotton mill at iniquity perennial than eight hours, and atomic number 13 does better in this respect than any other southern state. North and federation Carolina and Georgia place no rampart upon the work of children at darkness and while we sleep little white girls will be working this evening in the mills in those states, working eleven hours at night. In Georgia there is no restr iction whatever A girl of six or seven years, just tall enough to reach the bobbins, may work eleven hours by day or by night.And they will do so tonight, while we sleep. Nor is it only in the South that these things occur. Alabama does better than New island of Jersey. For Alabama limits the childrens work at night to eight hours, while New Jersey permits it all night long. Last year New Jersey took a long backward step. A good law was repealed which had required women and children to cave in work at six in the evening and at noon on Friday. Now, therefore, in New Jersey, boys and girls, aft(prenominal) their 14th birthday, enjoy the paltry privilege of working all night long.In Pennsylvania, until last May it was lawful for children, 13 years of age, to work twelve hours at night. A little girl, on her ordinal birthday, could start away from her home at half past five in the afternoon, carrying her pail of midnight luncheon as happier people carry their midday luncheon, and co uld work in the mill from six at night until six in the morning, without violating any law of the Commonwealth. If the mothers and the teachers in Georgia could vote, would the Georgia legislative assembly have refused at every academic term for the last three years to stop the work in the mills of children under twelve years of age?Would the New Jersey Legislature have passed that smutty repeal bill enabling girls of fourteen years to work all night, if the mothers in New Jersey were enfranchised? Until the mothers in the great industrial states are enfranchised, we shall none of us be able to free our consciences from participation in this great evil. No one in this room tonight can feel free from such participation. The children make our apparels in the shoe factories they knit our stockings, our knitted underwear in the knitting factories.They spin and weave our cotton underwear in the cotton mills. Children gold braid straw for our hats, they spin and weave the silk and sm ooth wherewith we trim our hats. They stamp buckles and metal ornaments of all kinds, as well as pins and hat-pins. infra the sweating system, tiny children make cardboard flowers and neckwear for us to buy. They carry bundles of garments from the factories to the tenements, little beasts of burden, robbed of school life that they may work for us. We do not wish this. We prefer to have our work done by men and women.But we are almost powerless. Not altogether powerless, however, are citizens who enjoy the right of petition. For myself, I Line 5 45 50 10 55 15 60 20 65 25 70 30 75 35 80 40 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -10- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS shall use this power in every possible way until the right to the ballot is granted, and then I shall continue to use both. What can we do to free our consciences? There is one line of action by which we can do much.We c an enlist the workingmen on behalf of our enfranchisement just in relation as we strive with them to free the children. No labor organization in this country ever fails to respond to an appeal for help in the freeing of the children. For the sake of the children, for the country in which these children will vote after we are dead, and for the sake of our cause, we should enlist the workingmen voters, with us, in this task of freeing the children from toil 85 90 95 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org.GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -11- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Question 3 (Suggested time40 minutes. This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score. ) The following passage is from Rights of Man, a book written by the pamphleteer Thomas Paine in 1791. Born in England, Paine was an intellectual, a revolutionary, and a supporter of American independence from England. Read the passage carefu lly. Then write an essay that examines the extent to which Paines characterization of America holds true today.Use appropriate evidence to support your argument. If there is a country in the world, where concord, according to common calculation, would be least expected, it is America. Made up, as it is, of people from several(predicate) nations, accustomed to different forms and habits of government, speaking different languages, and more different in their modes of worship, it would await that the union of such a people was impracticable but by the easy operation of constructing government on the principles of social club and the rights of man, every difficulty retires, and all the parts are brought into ordial unison. There, the poor are not oppressed, the rich are not privileged. . . . Their taxes are few, because their government is just and as there is zip to render them wretched, there is nothing to engender riots and tumults. STOP END OF psychometric test 2011 The Coll ege Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. -12-